Klein’s unpublished views on projective identification

克莱因未公开发表的投射性认同的观点

In one of her unpublished fragments on projective identification,2 Klein wrote under the title Further thoughts on projective identification (D 17, Nr. 802; see Spillius, 2007, pp. 146–7): “The question as to whether the process of projection is identical with projective identification needs further investigation”. 在未公开发表关于投射性认同的片段中，克莱因在“对投射认同的进一步思考” (D 17, Nr. 802; see Spillius, 2007, pp. 146–7)下写到“关于投射过程是否与投射性认同一致，这需要进一步研究”

Although most of her followers did not think that a distinction between projection and projective identification was a meaningful one (Spillius, 1992, p. 63; see Sandler, 1987), Klein did consider the possibility of a multiphase process where, in the first instance, the object is invested with particular characteristics, and only in the second phase does the phantasy of getting inside the object and inhabiting the internal space with thoughts and phantasies emerge. 尽管她的大多数跟随者并不认为区分认同与投射认同之间的差异是有意义的(Spillius, 1992, p. 63; see Sandler, 1987)，但克莱因的确考虑到多阶段模型的可能性，起初，客体被赋予具有某些具体特征，仅仅是在第二个阶段幻想进入客体内部并在其内在空间浮现各种想法和幻想。

She wrote (D 17 Nr. 802; see Spillius, 2007, pp. 146–7):

On an upper layer projection means attributing to another person something, which one feels unpleasant in oneself – not ‘I am mean’ but ‘you are mean’, for instance, not ‘I am wrong’, but ‘you are wrong’.

她写到(D 17 Nr. 802; see Spillius, 2007, pp. 146–7)：投射的前一步是将令其讨厌排斥的自身的一部分归因于是另一个人的—例如，不是“我是卑鄙的”而是“你是卑鄙的”，不是“我是错的”而是“你是错的”

Klein seemed to think this first step was mainly an attribution. She went on to assume that this attribution was not the end of it:克莱因认为第一步主要就是这一归因。她接着假设这个归因并不是结束。

I believe that, in a deeper layer, such a projection always mobilizes the feeling ‘I am putting something into you – for instance, I am wrong – or something which I feel I do not deserve having – for instance, I put goodness into the other person’, but that already is projective identification.

我相信，在更深层次上，这样一个投射总是会唤起这样的感觉“我正把某些东西放进你里面—例如，我是错的—或者某些我感觉我不值得拥有的—例如，我把优秀放进其他人里面，但这已经是投射认同了。

This second step implies that something will be concretely deposited in the other person. 第二步意味着某些东西将被具体地存放在其他人里。In relation to the first partial step one could speak of attributive projective identification (see Britton, 1998, pp. 5–6), and relation to the second partial step one could speak of invasive projective identification (see O’Shaughnessy, 2003; Rosenfeld, 1949, 1971). 关于第一步可认为是归属性的投射认同(see Britton, 1998, pp. 5–6)，关于第二步可认为是侵入性的投射认同。According to Klein, this way of understanding has consequences for treatment technique:根据克莱因说法，以这种方式理解会影响治疗技术。

The conclusion, therefore, would be that the two steps, projection as described above and projective identification, need not be simultaneously experienced, though they very often are. As regards technique, it is my belief that one should carefully consider, as I often pointed out, the layer which is activated, that is to say, if my impression is that an upper layer is just operating, then interpretation would go to the first of the two steps which I have described.(D 17, Nr. 802) 所以结论就是上面描述的投射会经历两步，而且投射性认同不必同时被体验到，尽管它们经常是同时发生。关于技术，我的信念是，正如我经常指出的，需要仔细考虑哪个层面被激活，也就是说如果我感觉只是第一层刚刚开始运作，那么解释就需要放在我刚才描述的两步中的第一步上。(D 17, Nr. 802)

In this context, Klein emphasizes the necessity “to go step by step in accordance to the emotions, anxieties etc. activated in the patient and not run ahead because the analyst knows already what is behind” (D 17, Nr. 802).关于这一点，克莱因强调需要“根据病人被激活的情感、焦虑等、一步一步走，不要因为分析师已经知道后面是什么了就走到前面。” (D 17, Nr. 802)

She underlines the importance of the process of distinguishing the different parts of the projective process, but focuses her attention mostly on the patient, from whom the projection originates, rather than on the analyst who is the recipient of the projection, although she had already used the term ‘to contain’ in her paper Notes on some schizoid mechanisms (Klein, 1946), which became the basis for Bion’s further elaborations (see Weiss, 2001).克莱因强调了区分投射过程的不同部分的重要性，但是她将绝大部分关注是放在投射的起源-病人上，而不是作为投射的接受者-分析师上，尽管她在她的论文“关于一些精神分裂机制中的要点”中使用了术语“涵容”，这是比昂进一步详细阐述的基础(see Weiss, 2001)。

（待续...)