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自恋型人格障碍
301.81(F60.81)
共情的自大(幻想或行为)的普遍心理行为模式;起自成年早期,存在于各种背景下,表现为下列5项(或更多)症状:
一种需要他人赞扬且缺乏- 具有自我重要性的夸大感(例如,夸大成就和才能,在没有相应成就时却盼望被认为是优胜者)。
- 幻想无限成功、权利、才华、美丽或理想爱情的先占观念。
- 认为自己是“特殊”的和独特的,只能被其他特殊的或地位高的人(或机构)所理解或与之交往。
- 要求过度的赞美。
- 有一种权利感(即不合理的期望特殊的优待或他人自动顺从他的期望)。
- 在人际关系上剥削他人(即为了达到自己的目的而利用别人)。
- 缺乏共情:不愿识别或认同他人的感受和需求。
- 常常妒忌他人,或认为他人妒忌自己。
- 表现为高傲、傲慢的行为或态度。
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
301.81 (F60.81)
A pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:
1. Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements).
2. Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love.
3. Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions).
4. Requires excessive admiration.
5. Has a sense of entitlement (i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations).
6. Is interpersonally exploitative (i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own ends).