NEUROTIC TRANSFERENCE 神经症的移情
From time to time, neurotics fall victim to strange ‘diseases’ whose origins and features are so mysterious that they feel inclined to discard them as nonsense, were it not for the fact that they are also led to believe some specialist will probably be able to tell them what they are and what they mean. Quite unexpectedly, neurotics might experience extreme anxiety or confusion, states of mind which affect them (and/or their environment) to such an extent that they turn to somebody of whom they expect a solution. The aforementioned ‘passion of ignorance’ which sustains the neurotic repression is thus paired with a desire to know the truth behind the symptoms (the return of the repressed).
有时,神经症者成为奇异的“疾病的受害者。这些疾病的起源与特征是如此的神秘,以致于他们感觉想要放弃它们,作为是无意义。假如不是因为这个事实:他们也被引的相信某个专家可能将会能够告诉他们,那些疾病是什么,以及那些疾病的意义是什么。完全出乎意料之外,神经症者可能经验极端的焦虑与混乱,这些心灵的状态影响他们,与(或)他们的环境。甚至,他们求助于某个人,他们期望他作为解答。前面所述的”无知的激情“,维持神经症者的压抑。这个无知的激情跟想要知道症状(被压抑物的回转)背后的真理的欲望因此匹配。
To Lacan (1988b[1953–54]:278–279), this search after the truth of what is unknown, despite the passion of ignorance, is a necessary condition for symbolic transference to occur. If psychotics are only capable of approaching somebody as an alter ego (imaginary transference), neurotics are able to grant someone the authority which they themselves lack and to apply to him with a request for knowledge. The latter aspect signals the installation of a ‘supposed subject of knowing’ whenever neurotics turn to somebody for help or advice, a supposition which Lacan judged altogether absent in psychotic transference.
对于拉康,对于未知事物的真理的这种寻求,尽管是无知的激情,是一个必要的条件,让象征的移情可以发送。假如精神病者仅是能够接近某个人,作为替代的自我(想像的移情),神经症者则是能够给予某个人这个权威,他们自己欠缺的权威,并且应用到他身上,作为知识的要求。后者的层面指示著“被认为是知道的主体“的安置。每当神经症者求助于某个人的帮助,或劝告。这一种假设,拉康判断是完全欠缺的,在精神病者的移情。
This account of neurotic transference can be further elaborated in line with the hysterical and obsessional versions of the neurotic structure. Each of these variants displays a number of singularities of transference, on which analysts can rely for diagnostic purposes and which pose auxiliary challenges to their position during the treatment. In canvassing the properties of hysterical and obsessional transference, Lacan consulted primarily Freud’s case-studies of Dora (1905e[1901]) and the Rat Man (1909d), which he explored in two year-long seminars during the early 1950s and to which he returned intermittently until the 1970s.42
神经症者的移情的描述也能够更进一步地被建构,来跟癔症与妄想神经症对于神经症结构的版本符合。这些不同变数的每一个都展现移情的许多独异性。精神分析家能够依靠它们,为了诊断的目的。它们形成辅助的挑战,对于他们在移情时的立场。拉康最初参照弗洛伊德对于朵拉与鼠人的个案研究。他在两个漫长的研讨班探索这两个个案,在1950年代早期。然后,在1970年代,拉康又间歇地回到这两个个案。
From a Lacanian point of view, the case-study of the Rat Man contains many instructive passages pertaining to the patient’s peculiar investment of Freud with the function of ‘supposed subject of knowing’.43 From the start of the treatment, the Rat Man testified to his profound scepticism and his ambiguous ‘emotional tie’ with Freud. During the initial contact the young man divulged (ibid.: 159) that he had been drawn to him because his own ‘efforts of thought’ bore a striking resemblance to some of the ‘curious verbal associations’ Freud had explained in ‘The Psychopathology of Everyday Life’.
从拉康派的观点,鼠人的个案研究包含许的启示的段落。这些段落归属于弗洛伊德对于病人的特殊的投注用“被认为是知道的主体“的功能。从治疗的开始,鼠人就证实他的深奥的怀疑主义,与他跟弗洛伊德的模糊嗳昧的”情感的关系“在最初的接触时,这位年轻人详述,他曾经被吸引到弗洛伊德。因为他自己的”思想的努力“跟弗洛伊德在”日常生活的心理学“解释的耐人寻味的文词的联想,具有明显的类似。
But during the third session the Rat Man defied Freud’s expectations of him wanting the analyst to use his expertise to resolve these ‘efforts of thought’, by pointing out that he merely wanted Freud to give him a certificate endorsing his obsessional behaviours (ibid.: 173). On the one hand, the Rat Man presented himself as a model patient, speaking at length about his sexual mischief, producing numerous childhood memories and tentatively pursuing even the most daring of Freud’s theoretical constructions.
但是在第三次看诊时,鼠人挑衅弗洛伊德对他的期望。他想要精神分析家使用他的灵巧来解决这些“思想的努力“。他指出,他仅是想要弗洛伊德给予他一张证书,确认他的妄想症的行为。另一方面,鼠人呈现他自己,作为是模范病人。他详细地言说,关于性的恶作剧。他提出无数的童年的记忆,并且姑且地追寻即使是最大胆的事情,对于弗洛伊德的理论的建构。 On the other hand, he expressed his doubts about everything Freud told him, identified Freud with the regiment Captain who was so fond of cruelty and spouted ‘the grossest and filthiest abuse’ upon Freud and his family (ibid.: 169, 209). When voicing these terms of abuse, the Rat Man floated around Freud’s office, at first because he could not tolerate lying comfortable on the couch whilst offending his analyst, then because he was afraid that Freud was going to hit him (ibid.: 209). Vis-a-vis Freud the Rat Man behaved in the fashion of a gentleman crook, continuously taking the analyst for a ride within the strictest constraints of courtesy. For the greater part of his analysis, the Rat Man tried to neutralize the subjective aspect of Freud’s knowledge by transforming his analyst into an abstract, absolute master who represents knowledge, but whose knowledge is unfortunately a dead loss.
在另一方面,他表达他的怀疑,关于弗洛伊德告诉他的一切事情。他将弗洛伊德认同是军团的上尉。这位上尉如此喜欢残酷。鼠人对于弗洛伊德与他的家人发泄“最粗俗,最恶劣的辱骂“。鼠人在弗洛伊德的辦公室逗留徘徊。起初是因为他无法容忍舒适地躺在长沙发上。另一方面,他冒犯他的精神分析家。因为他害病弗洛伊德将会打他。跟弗洛伊德面对面时,鼠人行为,以绅士般的骗子的方式。他继续不断地带精神分析家去兜风,在最严谨的礼貌的约束之内。他的精神分析的大部分期间,鼠人尝试将弗洛伊德的知识的主体的层面保持中立。他转移他的精神分析家成为抽象的,绝对的主人。这位绝对的主人代表知识。但是他的知识很不幸地是致命的丧失。
This obsessional attempt to annihilate the subjective component within the ‘supposed subject of knowing’ can exhibit itself in various other ways. Some obsessional neurotics are not driven to analysts because they expect them to dispel their misfortune; instead of treatment for a particular problem, they seek intellectual adventure, the joy of spontaneous reflection under the watchful eye of a silent, knowledgeable authority.
妄想症者企他消灭主体的成分,在“被认为是知道的主体“之内。这个企图能够展现它自己,用各个不同的其他方式。某些的妄想神经症者被吸引到精神分析家,并不是因为他们期望精神分析家驱除他们的不幸。他们并不是寻求特殊难题的治疗。相反地,他们寻求知识的冒险,自动自发的反思的享乐,在沉默的知晓的权威的观望的眼睛之下。
Some patients hope to receive an official confirmation of their (un)suitability for analysis rather than a proper analytic treatment. Some are doubtful about the clinical value of psychoanalysis and the expertise of the analyst, but still hope to be given the opportunity to add some inside clinical experience to what they already know about it. And some claim that psychoanalysis, whilst inadequate for improving the quality of their lives, will enhance their capacity to solve the problems in their environment.
某些病人希望接收到正式的证实,对于他们的适合(不适合)于精神分析,而不是要获得适当的精神分析的治疗。有些病人怀疑精神分析的临床的价值与精神分析家的专业。但是他们依旧希望被给予机会补充某个内在的临床的经验,给予他们已经知道关于它的东西。某些病人宣称,精神分析将会强化他们的能力,解决在他们的环境里的难题,尽管精分析并不足够来改进他们的生活的品质。