On “Envy and Gratitude”
关于《嫉羡与感恩》
Julian Stern
Klein’s paper “Envy and Gratitude”, first published in 1957, and more generally on Kleinian technique. We will look at key concepts and terms such as greed, envy and jealousy, as well as guilt , gratitude and generosity.
I am going to present a summary and then some thoughts on Melanie我准备先概述一下,然后讲一下梅兰妮.克莱因在1957年出版的《嫉羡与感恩》里的一些思想,然后主要讲一下克莱因的技术。我们来看一下关键的概念和术语,比如贪婪、嫉羡、嫉妒,还有内疚、感恩和慷慨。
But let us begin with a piece written last year. In his book published in 2013, The Examined Life, psychoanalyst Stephen Grosz writes movingly about the problem of Parents envying their children, and how it impoverishes and spoils matters for all parties. The prose is simple, yet it conveys a taster of the more complex ideas to be described in the rest of today’s lecture, and signposts some concepts like destructiveness, spoiling, impoverishment of relationships and grievance
Grosz pp. 93-95
让我们从精神分析师Stephen Grosz去年的一篇文章开始。 在他2013年出版的书《验过的生活》中,他生动地描述了父母对孩子嫉羡的问题,以及这些嫉羡是如何使所有的聚会变得贫瘠、被糟蹋了。文章很简单,但传递了今天的演讲中要描述的更加复杂的味道,即一些标志杆一样的概念,如毁灭、宠坏、关系的贫瘠和委屈。(Grosz, 93-95页)
Key ideas:
关键点:
The definition of envy used by Klein is “the angry feeling that another person possesses and enjoys something desirable, often accompanied by the impulse to take it away or spoil it”. Contemporary authors also recognise envy as a painful affliction.
情感。
克莱因对于嫉羡的定义是“对另一个人占有和享受一个人所渴望的东西的生气的感受,常常伴随着想要夺走或毁坏这个东西的感觉。”。 当代作家们也认为嫉羡是一种痛苦的Klein believes that envious impulses, oral and anal sadistic in nature operate from the beginning of life, initially directed at the maternal breast, and then against parental intercourse. Klein sees envy as a manifestation of primary destructiveness, to some extent “inherited” i.e. constitutionally based, and worsened by external adversity. She feels that the attack on the good object leads to a number of consequences includingConfusion between good and bad And thus difficulties with depressive position acquisition and integration
克莱因相信嫉羡冲动、天性中的口腔和肛门施虐是来自于生命早期、最初针对于母亲的乳房的,然后是针对于父母的性交的。克莱因把嫉羡看作是原初毁灭性的证明,在某种程度上是“继承的”,是本质上的东西,会因为外在的困难而加重。她感到对于好客体的攻击会导致一系列的后果,包括:
*对于好和坏的混淆
*然后是很难到达抑郁位相以及整合
Envy heightens persecution and guilt.
*嫉羡使迫害和内疚增加了。
In contradistinction to envy, Klein saw gratitude as an expression of love and of the life instinct, thus as the antithesis of envy .
*在嫉羡的禁忌征候里, 克莱因把感恩看作是爱的表达,是生本能,是嫉羡的对立面。History of Envy in PA (Psychoanalysis)
嫉羡在精神分析中的历史
The term “envy” has a long history in Psychoanalysis .
术语“嫉羡”在精神分析里有很长的历史。
In 1908 Freud introduced the concept of “envy of the penis”, as a key psychological problem in the development of women.