失语病人言语表达的初步分析
2003年12月11日
施琪嘉
汉语失语病人言语表达的初步分析
华中科技大学附属同济医学院
同济医院神经精神科教研室, 430030
施琪嘉 高素荣 刘锡民 1 蔡转1
The primary studies of Chinese Aphasic Speech
Abstract Objective: Agrammatism represents the syntax disorder of the aphasic
patient, which indicates the diagnosis of non-fluent aphasia(anterior aphasia),
whereas the paragrammatism refers to the diagnosis of fluent aphasia(posterior
aphasia). In India-European Language system the syntax is reflected by the
functional words, which are commonly ignored in anterior aphasia, while very
often being replaced or misused in posterior aphasia. Chinese is differentiated
through the lack of inflection changes. Its syntax is expressed rather by the
word orders and functional words in the sentences. There are vague about
grammatical characters of Chinese aphasics, also there is lack of literatures in
this field. The tones factors, which could influent Chinese grammatical
structures, should be also taken into consideration.
Methods: We got 22 stroke samples, who suffered aphasia( among them 8 damages in
right hemisphere, 14 left hemisphere). After aphasic evaluation, the 13
agrammatic indications were applied, those would be compared with these of 14
normal peoples.
Results: The anterior aphasics couldn’t construct the word orders, their oral
failures were uncompleted sentences, which were lack of long and complex
sentences; whereas the posterior aphasics could construct long and complex
sentences, they showed more paraphasia and word jargons. By the test of writing,
the reverse of the subject norm and verb occurred very often in anterior
aphasics, whereas the reverse of subjective and objective norms occurred in
posterior aphasics, e. g. the syntax of the content words were confused.
Conclusions:The understanding of the semantic meaning was maintained better than
that of phenom meaning, tone-paraphasia and phenom paraphasia occurred together.
The lesions in the left temporal and parietal lobes would contribute to the
semantic understanding disorders, whereas the lesions in the deep brain could
result different syntax disorders.
目的:失文法(agrammatism)指失语病人的句法结构障碍。现代研究认为失文法与前部、非流利型失语有关;文法错乱(paragrammtism)则与后部、流利型失语有关,这是因为印-欧语系的句法关系由功能性后缀来表示:前部失语时功能词及功能性后缀易被省略;后部失语时则出现功能词及功能性后缀的替换。汉语与印-欧语系不同,无词屈折(inflection)变化,其句法关系与词序的变化和功能词来实现。汉语与印-欧语系不同,无词屈折(inflection)变化,其句法关系与词序的变化和功能词来实现1,说汉语的失语病人在文法上有何特点还不清楚,国内还未见此研究的报道。需要考虑汉语声调对文法的影响因素。
方法:收集脑血管意外失语病人22例(右侧病变8例,左侧14例),进行失语评定后,根据13项文法指标,研究其失文法特点,并与14例正常人加以对比。