This book examines the contentious relationship between psychoanalysis andanthropology as it has played out in disputes surrounding the OEdipus complex. Here, éric Smadja explores the complicated historical and epistemological conditions leading up to the emergence of the conflict between the two disciplines. He considers the origins of each science, the “creation” of the OEdipus complex, and the place, role and influence of Freud’s key and controversial work Totem and Taboo, both in the history of psychoanalysis and as it connects with anthropology internationally.
THE OEDIPUS COMPLEX
éric Smadja
Routledge 2018
ISBN: 9781138213173
CONTENTS
By way of introduction 1
1 Epistemological and historical conditions of the debate 4
The birth of the human sciences 4
The birth and beginnings of anthropology 4
The birth of psychoanalysis 8
The birth of the OEdipus complex and its mythological analogy 9
Totem and Taboo bursts onto the scene and the OEdipus complex’s
universal status 11
Totem and Taboo in Freud’s opus 13
The psychoanalytic movement and its vicissitudes 14
Totem and Taboo and its incorporation into the international
anthropological context 16
Notes 17
2 The historical debate 19
In Great Britain 19
Charles Gabriel Seligman (1873−1940) 21
Bronislaw Malinowski (1884−1942) 23
Ernest Jones (1879−1958) 29
Géza Róheim (1891−1953) and psychoanalytical anthropology 34
In the United States 42
Franz Boas (1858–1942) 42
Alfred Louis Kroeber (1876–1960) 45
Ruth Fulton Benedict (1887–1948) 48
Margaret Mead (1901–1978) 48
vi Contents
Abram Kardiner (1891–1981), his psychoanalytical
anthropology and school of “culture and personality” 52
The psychoanalysts Erich Fromm and Karen Horney 55
Georges Devereux (1908–1985) and ethnopsychiatry 63
In France 69
émile Durkheim (1858–1917) 69
Marcel Mauss (1872–1950) 73
Claude Lévi-Strauss 77
Jacques Lacan (1901–1981) 84
Notes 94
3 The contemporary debate 99
In France 99
With the following anthropologists 99
Bernard Juillerat (1937–2006) and a psychoanalytical
anthropology inspired by Freud 105
With the following psychoanalysts 109
The major contribution of the group psychoanalysts with
Didier Anzieu and René Kaës 109
André Green 120
In the United States 133
Melford E. Spiro 133
Gananath Obeyesekere 140
Notes 147
4 General discussion 150
Remarks and commentary 150
Elements for understanding this conflictual history 155
Epistemological and methodological characteristics of anthropology and of psychoanalysis 157
What does clinical thought consist of, how is one to grasp it? 160
Divergences 164
Convergences 166
The Freudian notion of Kulturarbeit 172
Reflexions on the new “acculturative” disciplines 183
Notes 187
By way of conclusion 189
Towards conditions conducive to fruitful scientific collaboration 189
Bibliography 193
Index 199
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