58. Elizabeth F. Loftus 1944 -
洛夫特斯(1944-),美国认知心理学家,早期研究学习和问题解决,后来转而研究人类的记忆活动,并致力于将自己的研究与社会生活实际结合起来。她在过去事件的信息是怎样塑造人类记忆的研究方面十分著名。
http://socialecology.uci.edu/faculty/eloftus/
http://faculty.washington.edu/eloftus/
eloftus@uci.edu
Dr. Elizabeth F. Loftus, a professor of psychology and expert researcher
on the malleability and reliability of repressed memories, is an
instrumental figure in cognitive psychology. Loftus' work has made a
huge contribution to psychology and opened a unique and controversial
aspect of psychology and memory. She began her research with
investigations of how the mind classifies and remembers information. In
the 1970's, she began to reevaluate the direction of her research. In
"Diva of Disclosure" published in Psychology Today, she stated "I wanted
my work to make a difference in people's lives." Thus, she began her
research on traumatically repressed memories and eyewitness accounts.
Loftus suddenly found herself in the midst of sexual abuse stories and
defending accused offenders. In 1974, her research thrust her into the
courtroom to testify in over 200 trials as an expert witness on the
unreliability of eyewitness testimonies based on false memories, which
she believed to be triggered, suggested, implanted, or created in the
mind. Her trials have included those of mass murderer Ted Bundy and
George Franklin. She testifies with the hope of preventing an innocent
victim from going to prison and protecting a family's unity. She has
dedicated most of her life's work and energy to creating a vivid and
brilliant model and theory showing that the memory is amazingly
inventive and fragile. She has done innumerable studies of over 20,000
subjects showing that eyewitness testimonies are often unreliable and
that false memories can be triggered in up to 25 percent of people
merely by suggestion or giving of incorrect post event information
(Niemark,1996). The majority of Loftus' research focuses on repressed
sexual abuse memories from childhood, that suddenly reappear in adult
women often twenty years or more after the events took place. Her work
raises enormous doubt about the validity of long-buried memories of
trauma.
http://fates.cns.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/loftus.htm