4 举例说明死亡冲动
When does this complaint begin? From the moment when she crosses the entrance to the zone between life and death, that is to say, when what she has already affirmed herself to be takes on an outward form. She has been telling us for a long time that she is in the kingdom of the dead, but at this point the idea is consecrated. Her punishment will consist in her being shut up or suspended in the zone between life and death. Although she is not yet dead, she is eliminated from the world of the living. And it is from that moment on that her complaint begins, her lamentation on life.
这个抱怨何时开始？从她跨越过进入生命与死亡之间的领域的这个时刻。换句话说，当她已经肯定她自己的东西，具有一个外在的形式。她长久以来一直告诉我们，她处于死者的王国。但是在这个时刻，这个观念被献祭。她接受的惩罚将是在于被关闭，或搁置在生命与死亡之间的地区。从那个时刻开始，她的抱怨开始，她对于生命的哀悼。
Antigone will lament that she is departing άταφος, without a tomb, even though she is to be shut up in a tomb, without a dwelling place, mourned by no friend. Thus her separation is lived as a regret or lamentation for everything in life that is refused her. She even evokes the fact that she will never know a conjugal bed, the bond of marriage, that she will never have any children. The speech is a long one.
安提贡尼将会哀悼，她正在离开άταφος ，没有坟墓，即使她应该被囚禁于墓室之内，没有一个居住地方，没有朋友哀悼他。因此，她的绝望被生活，作为一种遗憾或哀悼，对于生活中她被拒绝的每样东西。她甚至召唤这个事实: 她将永远不会知道性爱的温床，婚姻的约束。她将永远不会拥有任何小孩。这段讲词非常冗长。
It has occurred to some commentators to cast doubt on this side of the tragedy in the name of the so-called unity of the character represented as the cold and inflexible Antigone. The term φνχρόν is that of coldness and frigidity. Creon calls her "a cold object to caress," fine 650, in a dialogue with his son, so as to let him know that he's not losing very much. Antigone's character is contrasted with her complaint so as to bring out the lack of verisimilitude in an outburst that, it is held, should not be attributed to the poet.
有些评论家曾经想到怀疑悲剧的这一边，以所谓的性格的一致性，冷酷而没有弹性的安提贡尼代表的性格。Φνχρόν 的这个术语是冷酷与僵化的术语。克瑞恩称她是「摸起来冷冰冰的东西」，在650行，在他跟他的儿子的对话，为了让他知道，他不算损失很多。安提贡尼的性格跟她的抱怨对照，为了显露突然发泄的起伏变化的这个欠缺。大家认为，这种发泄不应该归咎于诗人。
It's an absurd misinterpretation, for from Antigone's point of view life can only be approached, can only be lived or thought about, from the place of that limit where her life is already lost, where she is already on the other side. But from that place she can see it and live it in the form of something already lost.
这是一种荒谬的解释。因为从安提贡尼的观点，仅有那个限制的地方，生命才能够被接近，才能够被经历或被思考，在她的生命已经丧失的地方。在那里，她已经处在另外一边。但是从那个地方，她能够看见它，并且生活在它里面，以某件已经丧失的东西。
And it is from the same place that the image of Antigone appears before us as something that causes the Chorus to lose its head, as it tells us itself, makes the just appear unjust, and makes the Chorus transgress all limits, including casting aside any respect it might have for the edicts of the city. Nothing is more moving than that ίμερος εναργής, than the desire that visibly emanates from the eyelids of this admirable girl.
就是从相同的地方，安提贡尼的意象出现在我们面前，作为某件引起合唱队迷混头的原因。当它告诉我们自己，让公正的事显的不公正，让合唱队逾越所有的限制，包括抛掉任何对城邦的敕令的尊敬。没有一样东西，比起这位令人崇敬的女孩的眼睫显然散发出来的欲望，更加感动人心。
The violent illumination, the glow of beauty, coincides with the moment of transgression or of realization of Antigone's Ate, which is the characteristic that I have chiefly insisted on and which introduced us to the exemplary function of Antigone's problem in allowing us to determine the function of certain effects. It is in that direction that a certain relationship to a beyond of the central field is established for us, but it is also that which prevents us from seeing its true nature, that which dazzles us and separates us from it s true function. The moving side of beauty causes all critical judgment to vacillate, stops analysis, and plunges the different forms involved into a certain confusion or, rather, an essential blindness.
这个强烈的启明，美丽的光辉，巧合于安提贡尼的悲惨命运Ate的逾越或体会。这个悲惨命运Ate就是我主要坚持的东西。它给我们介绍安提贡尼的问题的典范的功用，当它让我们能够决定某些效果的功用。就是朝那个方向，我们跟中心领域的超越的某种关系被建立。这也就是为什么我们被阻止无法看见它的真实的特性，让我们感到晕眩，并且跟它的真实的功用分离的东西。美丽的动人的一面，引起所得批判性的判断摇摆不定，停止分析，并且将牵涉的不同的东西，投入某种的混乱，或是某个基本的盲目。
The beauty effect is a blindness effect. Something else is going on on the other side that cannot be observed. In effect, Antigone herself has been declaring from the beginning: "I am dead and I desire death." When Antigone depicts herself as Niobe becoming petrified, what is she identifying herself with, if it isn't that inanimate condition in which Freud taught us to recognize the form in which the death instinct is manifested? An illustration of the death instinct is what we find here.
美丽的影响就是盲目的效果。某件其他的东西正在无法被观察到另外一边进行。事实上，安提贡尼本身从一开始就宣佈：「我死了，我欲望死亡。」当安提贡尼描述她自己，作为被变成化石的尼奥比，她正在认同什么？难道不就是那个没有生命的情况，弗洛依德教导我们要体认出这个形态，死亡本能被显现的形态？死亡本能的举例说明，就是我们在这里发现的东西。
It is at the moment when Antigone evokes Niobe that the Coryphaeus sings her praise, line 840: "You then are half-goddess." Then Antigone's response bursts forth, and she is far from being a half-goddess: "This is absurd; you are making fun of me." And the word she uses means "outrage," which, as I have already indicated, is manifestly correlated to the moment of crossing over. The Greek word is used here in its proper sense, which is directly related to the term meaning to cross over - "outrage" is to go "out" or beyond (c'est aller outre), go beyond the right one has to make light of what happens at the greatest of costs. 'Υβρίζεις is the term Antigone confronts the Chorus with: "You do not realize what you are saying. You outrage me." But her stature is far from diminished as a result, and her complaint, the κομμός, her long complaint, follows immediately.
就在安提贡尼召唤尼奥比的时刻，科利菲伊斯歌颂她。在840：「你因此事半神。」那是，安提贡尼的回应突然暴发出来，她根本就是不是半神。「这是荒谬的；你在开我的玩笑。」她使用的那个字词意味着「愤怒」。如同我已经指出道，这个字词显而易见是跟跨越过多这个时刻有关系。希腊的字词在此被使用，以它的适当的意义。它跟跨越的这个术语的意义有直接关联--「愤怒」就是「发泄出去」，或是超越，超越我们拥有的权利，来看淡所发生的事情，耗费巨大的代价。Υβρίζεις 就是安提贡尼用来跟合唱队对抗的这个术语，「你并没有体会到你正在说些什么。你让我愤怒。」但是她的姿态根本因此而减低。她的抱怨，她的长期的抱怨立即随之而来。
The Chorus then goes on to make an enigmatic reference to three quite disparate episodes from the history of mythology. The first concerns Danae, who was shut up in a bronze chamber. The second is to Lycurgus, the son of Dryas, King of the Edonians, who was mad enough to persecute the servants of Dionysos, to pursue and terrify them, and even to rape their women and to make divine Dionysos jump into the sea. This is the first mention we have of the Dionysiac. In Book II of the Iliad we find Dionysos in a death like state, and he goes on to revenge himself by transforming Lycurgus into a madman.
合唱队于是继续谜团一般地提出三个完全差异的轶事，从神话的历史。第一个轶事实提到丹内伊，他被囚禁于铜制的房间。第二件轶事实提到莱丘格斯，伊顿尼恩的国王，德拉斯的儿子，他足够疯狂迫害戴奥尼修斯的仆人，追逐与恐吓他们，甚至强暴他们的女人，并逼使神祗戴奥尼修斯跳入大海。这是我们第一次提到戴奥尼修斯。在「伊利亚德」多第二册，我们发现戴奥尼修斯处于像是死亡的状态。他继续替自己报复，凭借将莱丘格斯转变成为疯子。
There are a number of different forms of the myth - perhaps he was imprisoned; blinded by Dionysos's madness he even killed his own sons whom he mistook for vine shoots, and he hacked off his own limbs. But that's not important because the text only refers to the vengeance of Dionysos the God. The third example, which is even more obscure, concerns the hero Phineas, who is at the center of a whole bundle of legends that are full of contradictions and extremely difficult to reconcile. He is found on a cup as the object of a conflict between the Harpies, who torment him, and the Boreads, the two sons of Boreas who protect him, and on the horizon there passes, strangely enough, the wedding procession of Dionysos and Ariadne.
有许多不同形式的神话。或许他被囚禁，被戴奥尼修斯的疯狂把他眼睛弄瞎，他甚至杀死他自己的儿子，因为他将他们误以为是葡萄笋，他砍掉他自己的四肢。但是那不重要，因为文本仅是提到戴奥尼修斯这位神祗的报复。第三个轶事，甚至更加模糊，跟费尼斯这位英雄有关。他处于一整串传说的核心。这些传说充满了矛盾与极端困难和谐。他被发现在一个盆子里，充当一个冲突的客体，处于折磨他的哈皮斯人与博瑞德人之间。后者是保护他的博瑞的两个儿子。耐人寻味的是，戴奥尼修斯与阿瑞德尼的婚礼就在地平线处经过。
There is certainly a lot to be gained in the interpretation of these myths, if it turns out to be possible. Their disparate character and the apparent lack of relevance to the issues at hand is certainly one of the burdens that the tragic texts impose on their commentators. I don't pretend to be able to solve the problem, but it was by bringing to the attention of my friend Levi-Strauss the difficulty of this passage, that I recently managed to interest him in Antigone.
在诠释这些神话时，确实有获得许多心得，假如它结果是可能的话。他们的差异的性格与明星地欠缺提到手边的问题，那确实是悲剧文本赋加于他们的评论者的其中一个负担。我并不伪装能够解决这个问题。但是凭借让我的朋友列文、史特劳斯注意到这个段落的困难，我最后成功地让他对安提贡尼感到興趣。
There is nevertheless something that one can point to in this rash of tragic episodes evoked by the Chorus at the moment when Antigone is at the limit. They all concern the relationship of mortals to the gods. Danae is entombed because of the love of a god; Lycurgus is punished because he attempted to commit violence on a god, and it is also because she is of divine descent that Cleopatra the Boread and rejected companion of Phineas is implicated in the story - she is referred to as άμιππος, that is to say, as swift as a horse, and it is said that she also moves faster across solid ice than any steed; she's a skater. Now the striking thing about Antigone is that she undergoes a misfortune that is equal to that of all those who are caught up in the cruel sport of the gods. Seen from the outside by us as ατραγωδόι, she appears as the victim at the center of the anamorphic cylinder of the tragedy. She is there in spite of herself as victim and holocaust.
可是，有某件我们能够指向的东西，在悲剧轶事的发生，由合唱队的召唤，当安提贡尼处于极限的时刻。他们都跟有限生命的人类与众神的关系有关。丹内伊被囚禁于墓室，因为一位神祗的爱。莱丘格斯被惩罚，因为他企图对一位神祗施用暴力，那也是因为她属于神祗后代，克丽奥佩特拉，这位博瑞德神与费尼斯的被拒绝的同伴，被牵涉到这个故事里。她被提到作为是άμιππος ，换句话说，像马一样的快速。据说，比起其他的骏马，她也更加快速的越过冰天雪地。她是个溜冰高手。现在，关于安提贡尼，这个引人注意的事情是，她经历一场不幸事件。这个事件相当等于是被卡陷在众神的残酷的运动里。我们从外面将它视为是ατραγωδόι,。她似乎作为受害者，在悲剧的变形的圆筒的中心。她身不由己地在那里，作为受害者与牺牲品。
Antigone appears as αυτόνομος, as a pure and simple relationship of the human being to that of which he miraculously happens to be the bearer, namely, the signifying cut that confers on him me indomitable power of being what he is in the face of everything that may oppose him.
安提贡尼出现，作为αυτόνομος，作为是纯净而单纯的关系，人类跟他奇迹一般巧好作为负载者的关系，换句话说，这个跟能指化的切割的关系，赋予人类不屈不桡的成为自己生命本质的力量，在面对每一样跟他对立的东西。
Anything at all may be invoked in connection with this, and that's what the Chorus does in the fifth act when it evokes the god that saves. Dionysos is this god; otherwise why would he appear there? There is nothing Dionysiac about the act and the countenance of Antigone. Yet she pushes to the limit the realization of something that might be called the pure and simple desire of death as such. She incarnates that desire.
关于这点，任何东西都可能被召唤。那就是合唱队所做的事情。在第五幕，当它召唤拯救的这个神祗，戴奥尼修斯的这个神祗。否则，为什么他要出现在那里？关于这个行动与安提贡尼的出现，并没有什么戴奥尼修斯的风格。可是，她将某件东西的体会逼迫的极限。那个东西可被称为所死亡本身的欲望，单纯的欲望。她具体作为那个欲望的化身。
Think about it. What happens to her desire? Shouldn't it be the desire of the Other and be linked to the desire of the mother? The text alludes to the fact that the desire of the mother is the origin of everything. The desire of the mother is the founding desire of the whole structure, the one that brought into the world the unique offspring that are Eteocles, Polynices, Antigone and Ismene; but it is also a criminal desire. Thus at the origin of tragedy and of humanism we find once again an impasse that is the same as Hamlet's, except strangely enough it is even more radical.
请你们想想看。她的欲望发生什么事？那难道不就是大他者的欲望吗？并且跟母亲的欲望息息相关？文本提到这个事实：母亲的欲望是每件事情的起源。母亲的欲望是整个的结构的作为基础的欲望。这个欲望将这个独特的后裔带入这个世界，他们是阿特奥克利斯，波利尼西是，安提贡尼，艾斯门。但是这也是一个犯罪的欲望。因此，在悲剧与人本主义的起源，我们再次发现一个僵局。这个僵局跟哈姆雷特的僵局是相同的，除了耐人寻味的，它更加强烈。
No meditation is possible here except that of this desire with its radically destructive character. The fruit of the incestuous union has split into two brothers, one of whom represents power and the other crime. There is no one to assume the crime and the validity of crime apart from Antigone.
在此，没有沉思是可能的，除了欲望跟它的强烈的毁灭的特性的沉思。乱伦结合的结果已经分裂成为两个兄弟。其中一位代表权力，另外一位代表犯罪。没有人能够担负起这个犯罪，与犯罪的合理性。除了安提贡尼。
Between the two of them, Antigone chooses to be purely and simply the guardian of the being of the criminal as such. No doubt things could have been resolved if the social body had been willing to pardon, to forget and cover over everything with the same funeral rites. It is because the community refuses this that Antigone is required to sacrifice her own being in order to maintain that essential being which is the family Ate, and that is the theme or true axis on which the whole tragedy turns. Antigone perpetuates, eternalizes, immortalizes that Ate.
June 8, I960
在他们两人之间，安提贡尼选择纯粹而单纯地是罪犯本身的生命实存的捍卫者。无可置疑地，事情本来能够被解决，假如社会的团体愿意选择原谅，忘记并且涵盖相同丧礼仪式应有的东西。那是因为社会拒绝这个，安提贡尼被要求要牺牲她自己的生命，为了维持那个基本的生命实存，那是家庭的悲惨命运Ate。那就是这个主题，或整个悲剧环绕的真实的轴心。安提贡尼将那个悲惨命运强化，成为不朽，成为永恒。
1960年7月8日
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