基本信任对基本不信任BASIC TRUST V. BASIC MISTRUST
一、The first demonstration of social trust in the baby is the ease of his feeding, the depth of his sleep, the relaxation of his Bowels. The experience of a mutual regulation of his increasingly receptive capacities with the maternal techniques of provision gradually helps him to balance the discomfort caused by the immaturity of homeostasis with which he was born. In his gradually increasing waking hours he finds that more and more adventures of the senses arouse a feeling of familiarity, of having coincided with a feeling of inner goodness. Forms of comfort, and people associated with them, become as familiar as the gnawing discomfort of the bowels. The infant's first social achievement, then, is his willingness to let the mother out of sight without undue anxiety or rage, because she has become an inner certainty as well as an outer predictability. Such consistency, continuity, and sameness of experience provide a rudimentary sense of ego identity which depends, I think, on the recognition that there is an inner population of remembered and anticipated sensations and images which are firmly COrrelated with the outer population of familiar and predictable things and people.
社会信任在婴儿身上的首次显现体现在他是否容易被喂养、是否容易入睡和肠道是否容易放松。他们关于与日俱增的接受能力和养育技巧相互调节的经历,帮助他们平衡体内不成熟造成的不适。在逐渐增加的清醒时刻,他们发现越来越多的冒险唤醒了一种熟悉感,与内心的善良感一致。舒适的形式,对婴儿来说如同肠道的不适一般熟悉。接着,婴儿的首次社会成就,便是他自愿让母亲远离视线,不会带着过度的焦虑或者愤怒,因为母亲已经变成一种内心确证的存在和外在可预见性的存在。这种具有连贯性、持续性以及一致性的经验提供了一种基本的自我同一性,我认为这种观念基于某种认可,是记忆中以及期望的感觉和图像的内在总体,同熟悉以及可预见的人与事物的外在总体有稳固的联系。
What we here call trust coincides with what Therese Benedek has called confidence. If I prefer the word 'trust', it is because there is more naivete and more mutuality in it: an infant can be said to be trusting where it would go too far to say that he has confidence. The general state of trust, furthermore, implies not only that one has learned to rely on the sameness and continuity of the outer providers, but also that one may trust oneself and the capacity of one's own organs to cope with urges; and that one is able to consider oneself trustworthy enough so that the providers will not need to be on guard lest they be nipped.