www.psychspace.com心理学空间网2008-12-27 13:45:00
從治療室反思失業潮
A Psychotherapist’s Reflections upon the Implications of Unemployment
張凱理醫師 Nov 4, 2001
(1) some newsclips
主計處廿三日發布九月份失業率為5.26%, 廣義失業率7.22%, 廣義失業人口72.8萬人, 波及人口近120萬人. 其中影響僅及個人約14.2萬人, 影響波及全戶達103.9萬人. (工商中時, 10/24)
九月份台灣地區廿三縣市, 總計有十六縣市失業率在五%以上, 新竹市居第二位. (工商, 10/24)
勞保局失業給付業務, 過去每月受理約為七、八千件, 目前每月五萬件. (中晚, 10/23)
88年度中斷健保人數23萬677人, 89年度168萬4699人. (ETtoday, 5/1)
(2) business cycle (Juglar’s eight-year cycle)
A typical cycle (composed of three phases, properity, crisis, and liquidation) recur every 9 or 10 years. (Clement Juglar, 1860) Subsequent analysis has tended to designate 1825, 1836, 1847, 1857, 1866, 1873, 1882, 1890, 1900, 1907, 1913, 1920, and 1929 as initial years of crisis. In the years since 1929, the regularity of business fluctuations has been somewhat offset by government anticyclical policies. (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2001)
(3) When work disappears: the world of the new urban poor (William Julius Wilson, 1996)
The author persuasively argues that the problems endemic to America’s inner cities--- from fatherless households to drugs and violent crimes --- stems directly from the disappearance of blue-collar jobs in the wake of a globalized economy.
(4) Hardest Times: The Trauma of Long Term Unemployment (Thomas J. Cottle, 2001)
Holmes & Rahe’s Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS):
Measure the adjustment time needed for 43 life events. Life crisis: any cluster of life events whose values summed to 150 life change units or more in one year. Major crisi: 300 or more. The greater the summed scores, the greater the individual’s vulnerability or lowering of resistance to disease, and the more serious the disease will be.
Beware the man who tells you he lives day to day. That is a man who’s either recovering from alcohol, unemployed, or a man planning to die.
The trouble is that the rotten nine-to-five boredom routine we’ve invented called work, that affects who you are, what you are, and how much you can love.
George barely ventured outside his home during his last months. He simply could not let himself be seen.
“You know what they call people like me?” George asked one after-noon returning from a meeting with several unemployed men.
“Long-term unemployed? Discouraged worker?”
“You’re not even close.”
“Depressed?”
“Well, that too?”
“Suicidal?”
“Who isn’t?”
“Am I getting closer?”
“You’re thinking too much like a psychologist. Think like a man.”
“They call men like you bums.”
”Now you’re hot. They call us undesirables. You hear that? They don’t want us around. They don’t want us seen. They don’t even want us seeing one another, or ourselves. They don’t want us. We clog up their systems. We’re no good to anyone, especially our families. We’re undesirables.”
... unemployment appears to have a quality of life-and-death import to it. Unless one confronts it directly, it is difficult to observe how powerfully it hits a man or woman, and how it can take a person to the brink, and then shove him or her over. For many people, long-term unemployment truly constitutes the hardest times.
After six months of being out of work, with benefits terminated, the person no longer believe that he or she is even a statistic, and in fact, he or she isn’t. … These are so-called hidden unemployed, … the “non-class of non-workers” … most of these people disappear from all government lists. In fact, many of them seem to disappear off the face of the earth. They are the ones properly described as enduring the hardest times.
The focus in this inquiry is the single human being. The term used in describing this research is life study. Simply put, the life study is a personal portrait of a person in his or her own words, it is the person’s (version of the) story one seeks to learn. … the life study finds its origin in the act of bearing witness or testimony.
“And what do you do?” … this natural, seemingly inbred assumption of having a job makes the reality of unemployment so drastic and traumatic for men.
… three months and six months, respectively, represent the cutoff dates used by federal and state governments as well as insurance companies to categorize people as long-term and very long-term unemployed. … Surprisinly, no one seems to know precisely what all of the long-term unemployed people are doing.
… the spouse and children feel the repercussions within days. Research indicates that within two weeks of a man being laid off, medical and psychological problems begin to emerge among family members.
Brenner was able to document how a sustained 1% yearly rise in unemployment significantly increased what he called “social stress indicators” such as suicide, homicide, mental hospital and prison admissions, cirrhosis of the liver, cardiovascular and kidney disease, and general mortality.
An unemployed man can become a quietly desperate and lonely man. … long-term unemployment is not something people readily speak out.
… relatively few long-term unemployed persons ever consult psychiatrist, psychologists, or social workers for long stretches of time, if at all. … they simply cannot afford it. The worlds of psychiatry and psychology, do not stand in the best position to evaluate relationships between unemployment and psychological symptomatology. … “many psychiatrists spend a good part of their lives buried in offices away from real-life situations.”
A Psychotherapist’s Reflections upon the Implications of Unemployment
張凱理醫師 Nov 4, 2001
(1) some newsclips
主計處廿三日發布九月份失業率為5.26%, 廣義失業率7.22%, 廣義失業人口72.8萬人, 波及人口近120萬人. 其中影響僅及個人約14.2萬人, 影響波及全戶達103.9萬人. (工商中時, 10/24)
九月份台灣地區廿三縣市, 總計有十六縣市失業率在五%以上, 新竹市居第二位. (工商, 10/24)
勞保局失業給付業務, 過去每月受理約為七、八千件, 目前每月五萬件. (中晚, 10/23)
88年度中斷健保人數23萬677人, 89年度168萬4699人. (ETtoday, 5/1)
(2) business cycle (Juglar’s eight-year cycle)
A typical cycle (composed of three phases, properity, crisis, and liquidation) recur every 9 or 10 years. (Clement Juglar, 1860) Subsequent analysis has tended to designate 1825, 1836, 1847, 1857, 1866, 1873, 1882, 1890, 1900, 1907, 1913, 1920, and 1929 as initial years of crisis. In the years since 1929, the regularity of business fluctuations has been somewhat offset by government anticyclical policies. (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2001)
(3) When work disappears: the world of the new urban poor (William Julius Wilson, 1996)
The author persuasively argues that the problems endemic to America’s inner cities--- from fatherless households to drugs and violent crimes --- stems directly from the disappearance of blue-collar jobs in the wake of a globalized economy.
(4) Hardest Times: The Trauma of Long Term Unemployment (Thomas J. Cottle, 2001)
Holmes & Rahe’s Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS):
Measure the adjustment time needed for 43 life events. Life crisis: any cluster of life events whose values summed to 150 life change units or more in one year. Major crisi: 300 or more. The greater the summed scores, the greater the individual’s vulnerability or lowering of resistance to disease, and the more serious the disease will be.
Beware the man who tells you he lives day to day. That is a man who’s either recovering from alcohol, unemployed, or a man planning to die.
The trouble is that the rotten nine-to-five boredom routine we’ve invented called work, that affects who you are, what you are, and how much you can love.
George barely ventured outside his home during his last months. He simply could not let himself be seen.
“You know what they call people like me?” George asked one after-noon returning from a meeting with several unemployed men.
“Long-term unemployed? Discouraged worker?”
“You’re not even close.”
“Depressed?”
“Well, that too?”
“Suicidal?”
“Who isn’t?”
“Am I getting closer?”
“You’re thinking too much like a psychologist. Think like a man.”
“They call men like you bums.”
”Now you’re hot. They call us undesirables. You hear that? They don’t want us around. They don’t want us seen. They don’t even want us seeing one another, or ourselves. They don’t want us. We clog up their systems. We’re no good to anyone, especially our families. We’re undesirables.”
... unemployment appears to have a quality of life-and-death import to it. Unless one confronts it directly, it is difficult to observe how powerfully it hits a man or woman, and how it can take a person to the brink, and then shove him or her over. For many people, long-term unemployment truly constitutes the hardest times.
After six months of being out of work, with benefits terminated, the person no longer believe that he or she is even a statistic, and in fact, he or she isn’t. … These are so-called hidden unemployed, … the “non-class of non-workers” … most of these people disappear from all government lists. In fact, many of them seem to disappear off the face of the earth. They are the ones properly described as enduring the hardest times.
The focus in this inquiry is the single human being. The term used in describing this research is life study. Simply put, the life study is a personal portrait of a person in his or her own words, it is the person’s (version of the) story one seeks to learn. … the life study finds its origin in the act of bearing witness or testimony.
“And what do you do?” … this natural, seemingly inbred assumption of having a job makes the reality of unemployment so drastic and traumatic for men.
… three months and six months, respectively, represent the cutoff dates used by federal and state governments as well as insurance companies to categorize people as long-term and very long-term unemployed. … Surprisinly, no one seems to know precisely what all of the long-term unemployed people are doing.
… the spouse and children feel the repercussions within days. Research indicates that within two weeks of a man being laid off, medical and psychological problems begin to emerge among family members.
Brenner was able to document how a sustained 1% yearly rise in unemployment significantly increased what he called “social stress indicators” such as suicide, homicide, mental hospital and prison admissions, cirrhosis of the liver, cardiovascular and kidney disease, and general mortality.
An unemployed man can become a quietly desperate and lonely man. … long-term unemployment is not something people readily speak out.
… relatively few long-term unemployed persons ever consult psychiatrist, psychologists, or social workers for long stretches of time, if at all. … they simply cannot afford it. The worlds of psychiatry and psychology, do not stand in the best position to evaluate relationships between unemployment and psychological symptomatology. … “many psychiatrists spend a good part of their lives buried in offices away from real-life situations.”