Murray Bowen, M.D.
January 31, 1913 - October 9, 1990
Murray Bowen，医学博士。
1913年1月31日~1990年10月9日
Murray Bowen was born in Waverly, Tennessee to a family that had been in Middle Tennessee since the Revolution. Waverly, which is located about sixty miles west of Nashville in Humphreys County, was a town of approximately 1000 inhabitants in 1913 when Murray Bowen was born. He was the oldest of Jess Sewell Bowen's and Maggie May Luff Bowen's five children.
莫瑞·鲍温出生于田纳西州中部的韦弗利（Waverly），韦弗利位于汉弗莱斯县纳什维尔以西约60英里处，1913年莫瑞·鲍温（Murray Bowen）出生时，该镇约有1000名居民。他是Jess Sewell Bowen和Maggie May Luff Bowen的五个孩子中年龄最大的。
He attended primary and secondary schools in Waverly, earned a B.S. degree from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1934, and an M.D. from the University of Tennessee Medical School, Memphis in 1937. He then interned at Bellevue Hospital in New York City in 1938 and at the Grasslands Hospital in Valhalla, New York from 1939-41.
他就读于韦弗利的小学和中学，1934年获得田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校的学士学位，1937年获得田纳西州大学孟菲斯分校医学院的医学博士学位。1938年，他在纽约市贝尔维尤医院（Bellevue Hospital）实习，1939-41年在纽约瓦尔哈拉的格拉斯兰医院实习。
Following medical training, Murray Bowen served five years of active duty with the Army during World War II, 1941-46. He served in the United States and Europe, rising from the rank of Lieutenant to Major. He had been accepted for a fellowship in surgery at the Mayo Clinic to begin after military service, but Bowen's wartime experiences resulted in a change of interest from surgery to psychiatry.
经过医学训练，莫瑞·鲍温在1941-46年第二次世界大战期间在陆军服役五年。他在美国和欧洲服役，从中尉晋升为少校。退役后，他被梅奥诊所（Mayo Clinic）接纳为外科研究员，但鲍温的战时经历使他从外科学转向了精神病学。
His psychiatric training was at the Menninger Foundation in Topeka, Kansas,beginning in 1946. He became a staff member upon completion of his formal training--although he had assumed staff-level responsibilities while still in a training status--and remained at Menninger's until 1954. He then embarked on a unique five-year research project at the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Maryland. The project involved families with an adult schizophrenic child living on a research ward for long periods of time.
1946年开始，他在堪萨斯州托皮卡的门宁格基金会接受精神科训练。他在完成正式培训后成为了一名工作人员——尽管他在培训期间承担了工作人员级别的责任——并一直在门宁格公司工作到1954年。随后，他在马里兰州贝塞斯达的国家心理健康研究所开始了一项为期五年的独特研究项目。该项目涉及了一名常年居住在研究病房的成年精神分裂症儿童的家庭。
Bowen left N.I.M.H. in 1959 to become a half-time faculty member in the Department of Psychiatry at Georgetown University Medical Center. He became a Clinical Professor, was Director of Family Programs, and in 1975 founded the Georgetown Family Center. Dr. Bowen was the Director of the Family Center until his death. He also maintained a private psychiatric practice at his home-office in Chevy Chase, Maryland.
鲍温于1959年离开国立国际医学院（NIMH），成为乔治城大学医学中心精神病学系的兼职教员。他成为一名临床教授，担任家庭项目主任，并于1975年创立了乔治城家庭中心。鲍温博士生前一直担任该家庭中心主任。他还在位于马里兰州切维蔡斯的家中办公室开设了一家私人精神科诊所。
He was Visiting Professor in a variety of medical schools including the University of Maryland, 1956-1963; and part-time Professor and Chairman, Division of Family and Social Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, from 1964to 1978. While at MCV he pioneered the use of closed-circuit television in family therapy. Television was used to integrate family therapy with family theory.
1956-1963年，他在包括马里兰大学在内的多所医学院担任客座教授；1964年至1978年，担任弗吉尼亚医学院里士满分校（MCV）家庭与社会精神病学系兼职教授兼主席。在MCV期间，他率先使用闭路电视记录家庭治疗过程。电视被用来将家庭治疗与家庭理论相结合。
Murray Bowen was a scholar, researcher, clinician, teacher, and writer. He worked tirelessly toward a science of human behavior, one that viewed man as a part of all life. He was very active in professional organizations, always wanting to contribute in any way he could, usually trying to remind himself that there was only so much he could do. He was a life fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, the American Orthopsychiatric Association and the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry. He served two consecutive terms as the first President of the American Family Therapy Association. His activities and prolific writings led to many awards and much recognition. He was recognized as Alumnus of the Year by the Menninger Foundation in 1985 and received the Distinguished Alumnus Award from the University of Tennessee-Knoxville in 1986.
莫瑞·鲍温是一位学者、研究员、临床医生、教师和作家。他孜孜不倦地致力于人类行为科学，将人类视为生命的一部分。他在专业组织中非常活跃，总是想以任何可能的方式做出贡献，他往往会试图提醒自己，他能做的只有那么多。他连续两届担任美国家庭治疗协会首任主席。他的活动和多产的作品获得了许多奖项和认可。1985年，他被门宁格基金会评为年度校友，并于1986年获得田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校杰出校友奖。
He has been credited as being one of those rare human beings who had a genuinely new idea. He had the courage to go against the psychiatric and societal mainstream, to stand up for what he believed about human behavior. Thanks to his efforts the world has been rewarded with a new theory of human behavior, one with the potential to replace Freudian theory with a radically new method of psychotherapy based on the new theory.
他被认为是少数有真正新想法的人之一。他有勇气反对精神医学和社会主流，为他所相信的人类行为挺身而出。由于他的努力，世界得到了一种新的人类行为理论，这一理论有可能用一种基于新理论的全新的心理治疗方法取代弗洛伊德理论。
Murray Bowen鲍文代际模型中的八个核心概念
1、Triangles 三角关系
2、Differentiation of Self 自我分化
3、Nuclear Family Emotional System 核心家庭情绪系统
4、Family Projection Process 家庭投射过程
5、Multigenerational Transmission Process 多代传递过程
6、Emotional Cutoff 情绪阻断
7、Sibling Position 同胞地位
8、Societal Emotional Process 社会情绪过程
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