当谈到解决问题的时候，两个人的智慧真的会比一个人的要强吗？ 传统智慧告诉我们，根据视觉线索所做出的某个共同的决定，其精确度取决于有着最好视觉的那个人。 然而，新的研究表明，在某些情况下，某个团组的决定，其精确度可以比由某一个人所作决定的精确度高出许多。 为了测试这一古老的“二人智慧”的格言，Bahador Bahrami及其同事开展了一项试验。在该研究中，参与者会根据他们的视觉以合作方式来做出决定。 他们发现，在具有类似视觉的参与者中，团组成员之间的讨论（所讨论的不仅仅是每个人所见到的，而且还有他们所感受到的自信程度）其实可以提高该团组决定的精确性。 然而，研究人员也发现，当遇到参与者具有不同的视觉敏感性的时候，两个人的智慧也可能比一个人的智慧更差。 这些发现证明，当人们能够自由讨论他们的感知时，他们在其决定过程中的交流会有一定程度的确定性；而研究人员能够将他们的数据适配到一个可精确描述这种关系的模型中去。 该模型尤其可以直接应用到社会心理学的研究中去。Marc Ernst在一篇评论文章中中更为详细地对其进行了讨论。心理学空间+a0r0k#u[-c

原文出处：

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k8qCS8G0Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1185718

y9x/K+[ ^ ff0Optimally Interacting Minds

Bahador Bahrami,1,2,3,* Karsten Olsen,3 Peter E. Latham,4 Andreas Roepstorff,3 Geraint Rees,1,2 Chris D. Frith2,3心理学空间r3t SJ#j%{

In everyday life, many people believe that two heads are better than one. Our ability to solve problems together appears to be fundamental to the current dominance and future survival of the human species. But are two heads really better than one? We addressed this question in the context of a collective low-level perceptual decision-making task. For two observers of nearly equal visual sensitivity, two heads were definitely better than one, provided they were given the opportunity to communicate freely, even in the absence of any feedback about decision outcomes. But for observers with very different visual sensitivities, two heads were actually worse than the better one. These seemingly discrepant patterns of group behavior can be explained by a model in which two heads are Bayes optimal under the assumption that individuals accurately communicate their level of confidence on every trial.心理学空间P:U'a/x^@8M3Uxw

?3{$J5CG7Ox0a01 University College London Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.

2 Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.心理学空间%a vF*r%J(r'zI

3 Interacting Minds Project, Institute of Anthropology, Archaeology, Linguistics, Aarhus University, and Centre of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, Building 10 G, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.

y;N] R0?04 Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, London WC1N 3AR, UK.