IV. CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENTS AND USES OF THE CONCEPT IN THE AMERICAS AND IN EUROPE
四、扮演在美洲和欧洲当代概念的发展和使用
IV. A. Latin America: Developments and Clinical Relevance
4.1 拉美:发展和临床相关性
Clinical situations like enactments, described in the literature, generally indicate some action or abrupt behavior that has made the analyst feel he has lost his analytical function. For example, he might be surprised to realize that he has behaved ironically, aggressively or seductively. Or he might notice that he is uninterested or that he ended a session before the scheduled time, or extended it. He may realize he has become overly fascinated by the patient’s interesting stories, or has been arguing with the patient. In these cases, he notices that his analytical capacity has been impaired and so he feels embarrassed and guilty. Later the analyst may realize he was identifying with aspects projected by the patient. Specifically, these phenomena should be referred to as acute enactments (Cassorla, 2001). Sometimes the analyst’s behavior is more apparent than that of the patient. The term countertransferential enactment is used to refer to the analyst’s behavior.
在文献中与扮演类似的临床情景描述,一般是指某种让分析师觉得他已经失去了分析功能的一些动作或突然的行为。例如,他可能会惊讶地发现他已经表现得颇具讽刺、攻击或诱惑。或者他可能会注意到,他是漠不关心的,或者他过早地结束了会谈以及让会谈延时了。他可能意识到自己过度的着迷于病人的有趣故事,或者一直在与病人争论。在这些情况下,他注意到,他的分析能力受损了,并且,他因此而感到尴尬和内疚。随后,分析师可能意识到他当时正在认同于病人的多方面投射。具体而言,这些现象应该被成为急性扮演(acute enactments )(cassorla,2001)。有时候,分析师的行为比病人的表现更为明显。我们用反移情扮演来指代分析师的这种行为。
Cassorla (2005, 2008, 2012, 2013) studying borderline configurations shows that, before acute enactment occurred, the analytical dyad had already set up long, drawn-out dual collusions where patient and analyst became indiscriminate from one another. Such symbiotized dyads exhibit behavior similar to theatrical performances or mimicking (Sapisochin, 2013), and this type of behavior is termed chronic enactment. Neither member of the dyad realizes what is taking place and, when they do, it is shortly after the occurrence and realization of an acute enactment.
cassorla(2005, 2008, 2012,2013)对边界设置的研究表明,在急性扮演发生之前,分析二元体早已建立了长期的、持续很久的双元合谋, 在这样的合谋之中,患者和分析师彼此之间变得不分青红皂白(indiscriminate)。这种共生的二元体关系表现出了与戏剧表演或模仿的相似行为(sapisochin,2013),而且,这种行为被称为慢性扮演。二元体中的成员在他们这样做的时候,都没有意识到正在发生的是什么,在这件事发生之后一会儿意识到它是一种急性的扮演。
The study of the sequence: chronic enactment (unperceived) -> acute enactment (perceived) -> realization of the chronic enactment that had occurred – provides a description of a type of natural history of the analytical process when one is working in areas where the process of symbolization is impaired. Clinical facts uncover defensive organizations that avoid the perception of triangular reality, experienced as traumatic. Clinical experience shows the following sequence:
该序列的研究是:(未察觉的)慢性扮演─→(被感知的)急性扮演─→意识到了急性扮演的发生─→当一个人在受损中的象征化过程的领域之中工作之时,提供了该分析过程的一种自然的历史描述。未被揭示的临床因素防御性的避免了对三极现实的感知,并将其体验为创伤。临床体验的次序显示为如下:
Phase 1. The analyst knows that he is dealing with a patient who is difficult to access and who attacks the analytical process and subverts it. However, it is certain that, with patience and perseverance, the difficulties will be understood.
阶段一。分析师知道,他正在应对的困难病人很难接近,病人攻击并颠覆分析性框架。然而,可以肯定的是,只要有耐心和毅力,困难就会被理解。