自闭-毗连心位的防御模式
Thomas H. Ogden (1989)
Mints 译
Defences generated in an autistic-contiguous mode are directed at the re-establishment of continuity of the bounded (被容纳在…里,与…毗邻;紧密连接,成为…的边界,界限) sensory surface and ordered rhythmicity upon which the early integrity of self rests. Within the analytic hour, patients spanning the full range of psychological maturity commonly attempt to reconstitute a sensory 'floor' (Grotstein, 1987) of experience by means of activities like hair twirling, foot tapping (even while lying on the couch), stroking of the lips, cheek, or ear lobe, humming, intoning, picturing or repeating series of numbers, focusing on symmetrical geometric shapes on the ceiling or wall or using a finger to trace shapes on the wall next to the couch. Such activities can be thought of as self-soothing uses of autistic shapes.
在自闭-毗连模式中产生的这些防御旨在(directed at)重新建立紧致的感官表面和秩序的节律的连续性,早期自我的完整性休憩于此。患者在分析时间内,往往跨越了整个心理成熟序列,通过旋转头发、拍打脚(即使躺在沙发上)、抚摸嘴唇、脸颊或耳垂、哼唱、吟诵、描绘或重复一系列数字,关注天花板或墙壁上的对称几何形状,或用手指追踪沙发旁边墙上的形状等方法,尝试着重建感官体验的“地板(floor)”(Grotstein, 1987)。可以认为这样的活动是在运用各种自闭形式进行自我安慰。
Between analytic hours, patients commonly attempt to maintain or re-establish a failing sense of bodily cohesion by means of rhythmic muscular activities including long periods of bicycle riding, jogging, lap swimming, etc.; eating and purging rituals; rocking (sometimes in a rocking chair); head banging (often against a pillow); riding buses and subways or driving a car for hours; aintaining a system of numbers or geometric shapes in one's head or in computer programmes that are continually being worked on (i.e. 'perfected'), etc. The absolute regularity of these activities is so essential to the process of allaying anxiety that the individual cannot/will not allow any other activity to take precedence over them.
焦虑的过程至关重要,以至于个人不能/不愿允许任何的其他活动优先于它们。
在两次分析的间隔期,患者通常试图通过有节奏的肌肉活动(包括长时间骑自行车、慢跑、圈泳等);饮食和净化仪式;摇摆(有时在摇椅上);头部撞击(通常撞击枕头);乘坐公共汽车、地铁或开车数小时;在一个人的头脑中或者在一个不断运行(即“完美”)的计算机程序中维持一个数字或几何形状的系统等等,来维持或重建身体凝聚的衰退感。这些活动的绝对韵律对于缓解Bick (1968), (1986) uses the phrase 'second skin formation' to describe the way in which the individual attempts to create a substitute for a deteriorating sense of the cohesiveness of skin surface. Often the individual attempts to use the sensory experience of adhering to the surface of the object in order to resurrect the integrity of his own surface. For example, one might attempt to adhere to an object by means of tenacious eye contact or a steady stream of chatter in a way that is 'experienced … as holding the parts of the [sensory-dominated] personality together' (Bick, 1968, p. 49).
Bick(1968, 1986)用“次级皮肤结构”这个短语来描述个体如何试图创造一种替代方式,以取代皮肤表面内聚感的日益恶化。通常,个体试图利用附着在物体表面的感官体验来恢复自身表面的完整性。例如,一个人可能会试图通过执着的眼神接触或持续的喋喋不休的方式粘附着一个客体,这种方式是“体验……将[感官主导的]人格的各个部分抱持在一起” (Bick, 1968, p. 49).。
Meltzer (Meltzer et al., 1975) has introduced the term adhesive identification to refer to the defensive adherence to the object in the service of allaying (减轻)the anxiety of disintegration. Imitation and mimicry, for instance, are utilized in an effort to make use of the surface of the object as if it were one's own. Adhesive identification is a form of identification more primitive than either introjective or projective identification in that the latter two forms of identification involve a sense of inner space into which one can project an aspect of oneself or into which one can take an aspect of the object. In an autistic-contiguous mode, one attempts to defend against the anxiety of disintegration by sticking bits of the surface of the object to one's own failing surface.
投射性认同更原始的认同形式,因为后两种认同形式涉及一种内在空间感,人们可以在这个空间中将自己的一个方面投射到其中,也可以将客体的一个方面纳入其中。在自闭-毗连模式中,人们试图通过将客体表面的碎片粘在自己的破损表面上来抵御失整合焦虑。
Meltzer(Meltzer et al.,1975)引入了“粘附性认同(adhesive identification)”一词指的是为了减轻失整合焦虑而对客体进行粘附的防御。例如,效仿和模仿是为了努力利用客体的表面,就好像它是自己的一样。粘附性认同是一种比内摄性认同或Tustin (1986) correctly points out that the object utilized in 'adhesive identification' is not experienced as a separate object and therefore the term adhesive equation better describes the way in which the individual is equated with (becomes the qualities of) the surface of the object being used in this form of defence.