FR E U D was pessimistic about the psycho-analytic approach to the narcissistic neuroses. He felt that people suffering from these diseases had no capacity for transference, or only insufficient remnants of one. He described the resistance of these patients as a stone wall which cannot be got over, and said that they turn from the physician not in hostility but in indifference. Many analysts have tried to develop methods of analysis which would deal with narcissistic patients-1 am thinking of Waelder (1925), Clark (1933), and later Fromm-Reichmann (1943,1947)9 Bion (1962), Rosenfeld, and others. The majority of analysts who have treated narcissistic patients have disagreed with Freud's view that there was no transference. As the transference is the main vehicle for any analytic investigation, it seems essential for the understanding of narcissism that the behaviour of the narcissist in the analytic transference situation should be minutely observed.
弗洛伊德对治疗自恋性神经症的精神分析方法持悲观态度。 他认为,患有这些疾病的人没有移情能力,或者只是移情能力不足。他把这些病人的阻抗描述为一堵无法逾越的石墙,并说他们对医生的态度不是敌意而是冷漠。许多分析师试图开发出一种分析自恋患者的方法——我想到了维尔德(Waelder,1925)、克拉克(Clark,1933),以及后来的弗洛姆(Fromm-Reichmann,1943,1947)、比昂(1962)、罗森菲尔德(Rosenfeld)等人。大多数治疗过自恋患者的分析师都不同意弗洛伊德认为他们不存在移情的观点。既然移情是任何分析性研究的主要载体,那么看起来,对于理解自恋至关重要的是——自恋者在分析性移情情境中的行为应该被仔细观察。
弗朗茨 科恩(Franz Cohn,1940)认为移情性神经症和自恋性神经症之间的明显区别应该被忽略。他认为自恋性神经症的移情是一种原始的或初始的类型——例如,在区分主体和客体时往往有严重的困难——他强调了他们在和分析师关系中,口欲和肛欲的破坏性倾向的内摄和投射。斯通(Stone ,1954)将移情描述为“字面上的自恋”,即将分析师与自我混淆,或认为分析师的一切都像其自我一样:治疗师和患者交替成为彼此的一部分。他强调了原始破坏性和将分析师体验成如同全能之神一般的需要,并指出,在病人对分析师的全能幻想中,对原始破坏性攻击的内疚起了重要作用。