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分离个体化的前三个阶段
作者:格丽特·马勒
翻译:柯晓燕 Leo Chen
Mahler M. S. (1972). On the first three subphases of the separation-individuation process. The International journal of psycho-analysis, 53 ( Pt 3), 333–338.
Freud—two pillars of psychoanalytic metapsychology. The first is that, at the time of his biological birth, the human being is brought into the world in an immature state. (This is due to the fact that the over-development of his CNS requires a large cranial cage.) Hence he is at first absolutely, and remains later on—even 'unto the grave'—relatively dependent on a mother.
I have based this presentation upon two thoughts of弗洛依德曾经有过两个说法,这两个说法也构成了精神分析的两大支柱。其一是,自出生起,人类就以不成熟的状态进入这个世界的(这主要是因为个体中枢神经系统发育需要一个过程)。因此,起初他对母亲是绝对依赖的,之后这种依赖会持续到死亡,但是之后的依赖会是相对的。
The second Freudian tenet, which is probably a result of the first, is his emphasis that object relationship—i.e. one person's endowing another with object libido—is the most reliable single factor by which we are able to determine the level of mental health on the one hand and, on the other, the extent of the therapeutic potential.
客体关系是我们评估一个人心理健康水平及治疗难度的最可靠判断要素。
第二个说法,可能是第一种说法的结果,一个人将客体力比多投注在另一个人身上的能力,也即,Object relationship develops on the basis of, and pari passu with, differentiation from the normal mother.infant dual unity, which Therese Benedek (1949) and I, independently of each other, have designated as the normal phase of human symbiosis(Mahler & Gosliner, 1955).