Erotized (or eroticized) transference
色情性移情
erotic 色情性
erotic transference 色情性移情
erotized 色情化
erotized transference 色情化移情
In 1915 Freud described certain cases of 'transference love' in which the patient undergoing psychoanalytic treatment declared herself to be 'in love' with the analyst (1915a). While the 'ordinary' erotic transference may be a normal and manageable occurrence in the course of analysis, some patients may experience it to such a degree that they refuse to carry on the usual work of treatment, may reject interpretations relating the present feelings to the past, and seek no further enlightenment as to the meaning and cause of the symptoms of which they had previously complained. The analytic sessions are used for the expression of love, for gratification through the presence of the beloved, and these patients beseech the analyst for a return of their love. Although Freud did not necessarily regard such patients as suffering from unusually severe neurotic disturbances and did not see the emergence of this form of transference as an inevitable contraindication to psychoanalytic therapy, he suggested that sometimes a change to another analyst might be necessary. He spoke of such patients as possessing 'an elemental passionateness', as being 'children of nature'.
1915年弗洛伊德在他的一个病例中描述了“移情的爱”,一名女性病人在精神分析时向她的分析师表示“她爱上了分析师”(1915a)。虽然“一般性(ordinary)”色情性移情(erotic transference)为正常的、可控制的、与分析进程相协调的表现,可有的病人则因这种体验而拒绝完成一般性的治疗,他们可能会拒绝目前的感情与过去相关的解释,也不想继续弄清楚引起以前在他们一直抱怨症状的原因背后所具有的含义,分析性治疗便成为表达爱和满足即刻被人爱的场所,病人会恳求分析师对他们的爱作出回应。尽管弗洛伊德认为没有必要将这种病人视为罹患了不寻常的严重的神经症性障碍,也没有看出这种移情形式的出现是分析性治疗的绝对禁忌,他仍然提出对某些这样的病人存在着转诊必要的建议。他将这类病人描述为具有“不假修饰的热情(an elemental passionateness)” 和“率真的孩童特征”。
When the 'passionate* transference occurs to the extent that there is an intense demand for gratification, and productive analytic work ceases, then serious psychopathology is thought to be present. (The term 'sexualized' transference is sometimes used, but as it covers a much wider range of phenomena than the erotized transference, its use as a synonym for 'erotized' transference should be avoided—see Coen, 1981. The term 'erotic transference' should be reserved for positive transferences accompanied by sexual fantasies that are known by the patient to be unrealistic.) Alexander (1950) has drawn attention to the problem of the dependent patient, who both demands love and wishes to give it. Blitzsten (whose unpublished remarks are quoted by Rappaport, 1956, and Greenson, 1967) is regarded as the first to have linked a highly erotic transference attitude with serious pathology. Rappaport (1956), in an extensive discussion of the subject, comments that 'Blitzsten noted that in a transference situation the analyst is seen "as i f he were the parent, while in erotization of the transference "he is* the parent (a form of over-statement not uncommon in psychoanalytic writings; this statement probably reflects the analyst's feeling that he is treated very much like a parent might be, without the quality of "as i f existing to the same degree as with his other patients). The patient does not even acknowledge the "as if. ' The difficulties inherent in such a formulation are obvious, and we shall return to this point later.
然而当“热情(passionate)”的移情发展到要求满足的愿望变得极为强烈,从而出现了分析性工作终止的现象时便可将其理解为严重的心理病理状态的表现。[有时也用“性欲化移情”移情(sexualized transference)的描述,但它的涵盖面远远广于色情化移情(erotized transference),故应避免将它作为情欲化移情的同义词而加以运用——见科因(Coen,S.J.,1981)。色情性移情的术语应视为正性移情的修正,病人同时伴随着性的幻想成分并知道这是不现实的]。亚历山大(1950)将注意力集中于存在着这样问题的依赖性病人的身上,一方面,他们要求获得爱,另一方面则希望放弃它。 (Blitzsten),其文献未公开发表,但1956年被拉普帕波特(Rappaport, E. A.)、1967年被格林森引用,被认为是首位将色情性移情与严重的病理状态联系起来的人。1956年拉普帕波特在该主题的广泛讨论中指出:“认为在移情的状态下分析师看起来‘好象’他扮演了父母的角色,而在情欲化移情的状态下,他‘就是’父母亲(为精神分析描写中不寻常的‘超状态类型’,可能反映了分析师在同等程度下非常喜欢作为父母的形象出现更甚于被病人视为父母的感情)。病人几乎没有认识到“好象”,固有形成这种状态的困难是显而易见的,我们将在后面回到此点来。
Rappaport states that patients who show such an intense erotic component in the transference 'insist unequivocally, from the very beginning, that they want the analyst to behave toward them as the parent [had done]'. The patients are not embarrassed or ashamed by such wishes. They express their anger openly when the analyst does not comply with their demands. Rappaport correlates such intensely sexual demanding reactions in analysis with the severity of the patient's pathology. 'Such an erotization of transference corresponding to a severe disturbance of the sense of reality is indicative of the severity of the illness. These patients are not neurotics, they are "borderline" cases or ambulatory schizophrenics.' He comments that 'though the analytic situation is especially liable to such distortion, these patients try to convert every significant person into a parent'.
人格障碍就是可疑的精神分裂症病人。” 他指出“尽管分析情景对引起上述障碍负有特别的倾向性作用,这些病人仍试图将特别的对象视为父母”。
拉普帕波特指出在移情时那些表现出有强烈色情性成分的病人从治疗伊始就“坚定地要求分析师要象父母曾做过的那样对待他们。”病人们并不因有此念头而感到尴尬和害羞,如果分析师没有满足他们的要求,他们会公开地表示出他们的不满。拉普帕波特将在分析中出现的这种强烈的与性欲要求有关的反应与病人病理的严重性联系起来。“与现实感觉严重障碍相关的这种移情的性爱形式代表了疾病的严重程度,这些病人并非是神经症病人,不是边缘性Rappaport, in expressing his agreement with Blitzsten that for such patients the analyst is the parent, nevertheless does not maintain that these patients are deluded or hallucinating to the degree that the analyst is believed to be the actual parent; there is definitely a special quality to their transferences. The transference is not hidden, and 'the patient screams out that he wants his fantasy to be reality'. The patient believes that in his analyst he can acquire a parent (presumably someone who will act and be like a real or wished-for parent in the patient's life). The view of the analyst qua analyst is lost.
拉普帕波特同意布利茨斯腾的看法,即对这些病人而言,分析师是父母,然而并不认为这些病人幻觉和妄想的影响达到了坚信分析师就是真实父母的程度,这种移情一定有着特别的涵义,移情并不是隐藏了起来,“病人哭喊着说他/她需要他/她的幻想变成现实。”病人坚信在她的分析中他可以获得一个父母(或者是在病人生活中真正待其如父母或符合其对父母想象的人),作为分析师其观点已经丧失。