CONTAINMENT: CONTAINER-CONTAINED
涵容:涵容者-被涵容者
Tri-Regional Entry
Inter-Regional Consultants:
Louis Brunet (North America);
Vera Regina Fonseca(Latin America);
Dimitris-James Jackson (Europe)
Coordinating Co-Chair: Eva D. Papiasvili (North America)
陈明 译
【译者注】contain 的意思是对情绪情感的包容、抑制和遏制。最接近contain的中文词语是“容”。容字本意是盛放谷物的场所,容字的引申义容纳、宽容、从容、法规、防范之意。在中文精神分析语境中,通常将containment翻译为“容纳”、container翻译为“容器”、contained翻译为“被容纳者”。本文将其翻译为涵容、涵容者、被涵容者。
I. DEFINITION
1、定义
Wilfred R. Bion’s concept of Container-Contained was meant to analogize the situation of the analytic couple in terms of the mother-infant nursing situation. It designates the mother not only as the donor of soothing and fulfilling milk, but also it is a receptive organ which receives the infant’s emotional pain and is able to sooth that pain for the infant and restore it to life-size management. In Bion’s terms, most generally, it represents the transformation of pain from O (in its meaning of nameless dread) to K (knowledge), as in “now I can think about the unthinkable!”
婴儿的情绪痛苦,并且有能力慰藉婴儿的痛苦,同时将其修复到生活尺度的管理之中。在拜昂的术语中,一般而言,它代表了痛苦从O(其意义是无以名状的惧怕)到K(知识)的转化,如同“现在我可以思考那些不可思议之事了”一样。
威尔弗雷德·拜昂的涵容者-被涵容者概念所表达的意思是,以母婴护理的情况类比分析双方情景。这一概念不仅将母亲指派为慰藉和令人满足之奶水的捐献者,而且要成为一个有接受能力的器官,接受From the evolution of theory point of view, the concept presents an extension of the theory of Projective Identification (see the separate entry PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION), from being a theory of primitive fantasy and defense into a theory of an archaic form of communication necessary for the development of thinking.
投射性认同理论的延伸(参见词条投射性认同),从一个原始幻想和防御的理论,转化成了一种思想的发展所必需的古老交流形式的理论。
从理论观点的演化来看,这个概念代表了As a relational model of mental functioning, the Containment process extends a linear reciprocal interplay between the pair of Container-Contained, with the following steps: a mental state (‘content’) is communicated from a sender to a receiver; the receiver potentially ‘contains’ and transforms it through psychic work; the transformed content, together with the ‘function of containing’ itself may be then re-introjected by the sender.
涵容的过程作为心智功能的关系模型,在涵容者-被涵容者双方之间扩展了的一个线性互惠的交互作用,其步骤如下:一种心智的状态(“内容”)从一个发送者传递给接受者;接收者通过精神(psychic)工作潜在地“涵容”并转化之;然后,这个转化的内容和“涵容的功能”本身可能一起被发送者重新内摄了。
While the developmental prototype of this model is the mother-infant relationship, the concept is also applicable as a special kind of unconscious communication that takes place in both dyadic relationships and in groups as well as in the psychoanalytic process. It is also applied for understanding the intrapsychic process where the individual tries to contain, convert/transform and convey his/her emotions in words.
无意识沟通。它也应用于理解个体在试图以话语涵容、转换/转化和传递他/她的情绪的内部心灵过程。
虽然该模型的发展原型是母婴关系,但是这一概念也适用于那些发生在双方的二价关系之中以及精神分析动力过程之中的一种特殊In a clinical situation, the process of Containment has a special significance for understanding psychoanalytic processes and the development of thinking/symbolizing. Technically, it means more than silently bearing the infant/patient’s screams, or other displays of pain. Containment involves identification, transformation and interpretation in dealing with the pain when possible.
在一个临床情景中,涵容的过程对于理解精神分析过程以及思考/象征化的发展有着特殊的意义。从技术上讲,这意味着默默地忍受着婴儿/病人的尖叫,或其他痛苦的呈现。涵容涉及了认同、转化以及在可能的时刻处理痛苦的诠释。
The above multidimensional definition reflects, extrapolates from, and expands on the regional dictionaries and encyclopedias across the three continents (Lopez-Corvo, 2003; Skelton, 2006; Auchincloss and Samberg, 2012).
反映、推断、扩展了三大洲地区的词典和百科全书。(Lopez-Corvo, 2003; Skelton, 2006; Auchincloss and Samberg, 2012).
上述多维度的释义II. ORIGINS OF THE CONCEPT
2、概念的起源
The concept has its roots in the 1940’s England with the clinical research on schizophrenia (psychotic thought disorder), studied by Melanie Klein and her followers Herbert Rosenfeld, Hanna Segal and Wilfred R. Bion. (The term may also link to WR Bion’s experience as a war time tank commander. Containment as a military term implies restricting and minimizing conflict on the battlefield without necessarily eradicating it, thus making it more manageable.)
精神病患者的思维障碍),研究由梅兰妮·克莱茵和他的追随者赫伯特·罗森费尔德、汉娜·西格尔和阿尔弗雷德·拜昂进行。(这个术语也与战时作为坦克指挥官的拜昂的经验有关。涵容作为一个军事术语,意味着在战场上限制和减少冲突而不必消灭它,从而使得其更易于管理。)【译注:Containment在军事语言中翻译成“遏制”。】
这个概念根植于1940年代在英格兰进行的精神分裂的研究(